障碍物

王朝百科·作者佚名  2009-11-16  
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remora

[5remErE]

n.

障碍, 障碍物

remora

rem.o.ra

AHD:[rµm“…r-…]

D.J.[6rem*r*]

K.K.[6rWm*r*]

n.(名词)

Any of several marine fishes of the family Echeneidae, having on the head a sucking disk with which they attach themselves to sharks, whales, sea turtles, or the hulls of ships.Also called shark sucker ,suckerfish ,suckfish

鮣鱼:属于的几种海鱼的任何一种,在头部有吸盘,常吸附于鲨鱼,鲸,海龟或船体上也作 shark sucker,suckerfish,suckfish

Latin [delay (from the belief that they could slow ships down)]

拉丁语 [妨碍(由它们能使船放慢速度的说法而来)]

from remor³º} [to delay]

源自 remor³º} [妨碍]

re- [re-]

re- [前缀re-]

mor³º} [to delay] from mora [delay]

mor³º} [妨碍 源自 mora [妨碍]

remora

[5remErE]

【动】鱼

阻碍, 障碍物

remora

rem.o.ra

AHD:[rµm“…r-…]

D.J.[6rem*r*]

K.K.[6rWm*r*]

n.

Any of several marine fishes of the family Echeneidae, having on the head a sucking disk with which they attach themselves to sharks, whales, sea turtles, or the hulls of ships.Also called shark sucker ,suckerfish ,suckfish

Latin [delay (from the belief that they could slow ships down)]

from remor³º} [to delay]

re- [re-]

mor³º} [to delay] from mora [delay]

barrier

[5bAriE]

n.

(阻碍通道的)障碍物, 栅栏, 屏障

barrier

bar.ri.er

AHD:[b²r“¶-…r]

D.J.[6b#ri8*]

K.K.[6b#ri+]

n.(名词)

A structure, such as a fence, built to bar passage.

栅栏,挡板,壁垒,关卡:一种建造物,例如篱笆,用来禁止通行

Something immaterial that obstructs or impedes:

非物质的妨碍或阻碍物:

Intolerance is a barrier to understanding.See Synonyms at obstacle

偏狭是理解的一大障碍参见 obstacle

Ecology A physical or biological factor that limits the migration, interbreeding, or free movement of individuals or populations.

【生态学】 障碍:物理或生物因素,可以限制迁移、杂交或个体及群体的自由运动

A boundary or limit.

界限或限制

Something that separates or holds apart.

分开物,隔离物:用于分开或隔离的事物

A movable gate that keeps racehorses in line before the start of a race.

起跑屏障:在比赛开始前,使赛马位于线内的可以活动的门

The palisades or fences enclosing the lists of a medieval tournament. Often used in the plural.

高围栏:用来围住中世纪马上比武大赛赛场的木栏或栅栏,常用复数

Geology An ice barrier.

【地质学】 冰障

Middle English barrer

中古英语 barrer

from Old French barriere

源自 古法语 barriere

from Vulgar Latin *barr³a

源自 俗拉丁语 *barr³a

from *barra [bar]

源自 *barra [禁止,阻止]

barrier

[5bAriE]

n.

栅栏; 屏障; 隔板, 挡板

海关关卡

障碍, 妨碍因素; 障碍物

界线

扩伸到海洋中的南极洲冰棱

势垒, 位垒, 阻挡层; 绝缘(套)

人工堤

(赛马的)出发栅

(包装用的可以作成容器的)柔软材料

abarrier light

海岸探照灯

the language barrier

语言上的隔阂

barrier beach

海浪所造成的沙滩

barrier reef

堡礁(一种珊瑚礁)

barrier treaty

边界条约

set up a barrier between

在...中间设置障碍

remove a barrier between

拆除在...中间障碍

barrier

[5bAriE]

vt.

用栅围住

crashbarrier

(英国)快速公路正中间为防止撞车而设的防护栅栏

crushbarrier

(人行道边设置的)防止拥挤的铁栏杆

passport barrier

出国限制(某些国家在签发出国护照时所加的障碍)

tradebarrier

[常用复]贸易堡垒, 贸易限制(资本主义国家对发展国际贸易所设置的人为障碍)

barrier of speech

语言的隔阂

air barrier

气密层; 内衬层

arming barrier

枪、炮、弹药的保险器

automatic half barrier with flashing lights

装有闪光灯的道口单侧自动栏木

automatic half-gate barrier

单侧自动栏木

back-biased barrier

(有)反向偏压的阻挡层

bascule barrier

吊式栏木

bay barrier

【地质】湾口沙坝

biological barrier

【植】生物阻碍

biotic barrier

【生态】生物阻限

blood-brainbarrier

血脑障壁[屏障]

centrifugal barrier

【力】离心势垒

chain barrier

链栅栏

chain-link-cable barrier

钢索格子形挡板, 钢索格子形栅栏

chemical barrier

化学性阻挡层

collector barrier

集电极势垒, 集电极位垒

completely developed barrier

完全发展的势垒

compressing barrier

压缩阻片

contact (potential) barrier

【电】接触势垒

counterbalance barrier

平衡锤栏木

covert trade barrier

变相贸易壁垒

crop barrier

作物屏障

crossing barrier

道口栏木

crystal barrier

晶体势垒

customs barrier

关税壁垒

diffusion barrier

扩散势垒区, 扩散式叠层

electtrostatic barrier

静电能垒

emitter barrier

【电子】发射区势垒

energy barrier

能障; 能垒

fire barriers

防火间隔

fish barrier

鱼栏, 栏鱼栅

fission barrier

裂变位垒

fixed barrier

固定阻片

flash barrier

瞬时遮光板

闪弧隔板

瞬时屏蔽

floating barrier

浮动挡板; 浮油栅

folding barrier

折叠栏木

heat barrier

热障

heterogeneous barrier

不均匀阻挡层

high-resistance barrier

高电阻阻挡层

ice barrier

冰堡

impermeable barrier

不透水层

insulating barrier

绝缘层

intercrystalline barrier

晶间势垒

internal barrier

内势垒

inversion barrier

反演势垒

ion barrier

离子障壁

ion implanted barrier

离子注入势垒

isolation barrier

隔离阻障

junction barrier

结势垒

language barrier

语言障碍

lattice barrier

格子栏木

lay-head barrier

湾头沙洲

light barrier

挡光板, 光垒

median barrier

路中护栏

metal-semiconductor barrier

金属-半导体垫垒

microporous barrier

【化工】微孔膜

moisture-vapour barrier

水汽隔绝层

movable barrier

可移动阻片

noise barrier

噪声障

non-tariff barriers (to trade) (NTB)

非关税贸易壁垒

nuclear potential barrier

核势垒

oil barrier

油栏

permeability barrier

透性障

physiological barrier

生理障碍

placental barrier

胎盘屏障

platform barrier

站台栅栏

potential barrier

势垒, 位垒

potential-energy barrier

(电)势垒

primary protective barriers

【核】主防护墙

rectifying barrier

整流势垒

reflecting barrier

反射障碍, 反射壁

rolling barrier

滑动栏木; 滑动栏杆

safety barrier

【航空】停机拦截网

secondary protective barrier

【核】二次防护层

sliding barrier

滑动栏木, 滑轮栏木

sonic barrier

音障, 声垒

sound barrier

声垒

stationary barrier

固定支架, 固定挡块

stone-dust barrier

【采矿】岩粉棚

surface (potential) barrier

表面势垒, 表面位垒

swing barrier

摇摆式栏木

tariff barrier

关税壁垒

technical barriers

技术性贸易壁垒

thermal barrier

热障

热绝缘

threefold barrier

三倍垒

toll barrier

收费处路障

tsunami barrier

津波防波堤, 地震海啸防波堤

vapo(u)r barrier

阻凝(蒸汽)层

vegetative barriers

植物性屏障

voltage barrier

势垒

water barrier

防水层

barriers of infection

传染屏障

barrier

bar.ri.er

AHD:[b²r“¶-…r]

D.J.[6b#ri8*]

K.K.[6b#ri+]

n.

A structure, such as a fence, built to bar passage.

Something immaterial that obstructs or impedes:

Intolerance is a barrier to understanding.See Synonyms at obstacle

Ecology A physical or biological factor that limits the migration, interbreeding, or free movement of individuals or populations.

A boundary or limit.

Something that separates or holds apart.

A movable gate that keeps racehorses in line before the start of a race.

The palisades or fences enclosing the lists of a medieval tournament. Often used in the plural.

Geology An ice barrier.

Middle English barrer

from Old French barriere

from Vulgar Latin *barr³a

from *barra [bar]

barrier

来自古法语 barrier,bar 栏,杆

barrier

barricadefortificationobstruction

barrier

[5bAriE]

n.

栅栏,屏障;障碍

fraise

[freiz]

n.

障碍物

fraise

fraise

AHD:[fr³z]

D.J.[fre!z]

K.K.[frez]

n.(名词)

A defensive barrier of pointed, inclined stakes or barbed wire.

防御工事:筑有尖利的、倾斜的木桩或铁蒺藜的防御性的障碍物

A ruff for the neck worn in the 16th century.

高领:16世纪戴在脖子上的领子

French

法语

from Old French [mesentery (from its pleated shape)]

源自 古法语 [肠系膜(由它的打褶的形状而来)]

from (feves) frasees [shelled (beans), from the resemblance between the mesentery and the peel surrounding individual broad beans]

源自 (feves) frasees [剥壳的(豆类),由肠系膜与包在单个宽豆子外的皮的相似性而来]

from Latin (faba) fr¶a [ground (bean)] [feminine past participle of] frendere [to crush] * see frenum

源自 拉丁语 (faba) fr¶a [土地(豆类)] [] frendere的阴性过去分词 [起皱] *参见 frenum

fraise

[freiz]

n.

【军】(铁丝网或木桩构成的)障碍物

(16世纪欧洲流行的)皱领

fraise

fraise

AHD:[fr³z]

D.J.[fre!z]

K.K.[frez]

n.

A defensive barrier of pointed, inclined stakes or barbed wire.

A ruff for the neck worn in the 16th century.

French

from Old French [mesentery (from its pleated shape)]

from (feves) frasees [shelled (beans), from the resemblance between the mesentery and the peel surrounding individual broad beans]

from Latin (faba) fr¶a [ground (bean)] [feminine past participle of] frendere [to crush] * see frenum

障碍物

能迟滞或阻止军队行动的地形、地物和军事工程设施的统称。有的障碍物还能直接杀伤敌人,破坏其装备,使敌人产生恐惧心理。障碍物按性质分为天然障碍物和人工障碍物。

人工障碍物按其用途的不同,还可分为防坦克、防步兵、防运输车辆、防舰船、防登陆、防飞机和防空降等障碍物。人工障碍物可用于破坏、干扰敌军的集结,阻滞其行动,分割其战斗队形,诱逼其处于不利的地位,增大己方火力杀伤效果;加强防御阵地,掩护军队暴露的翼侧、接合部和重要目标,封闭突破口,以增强防御的稳定性;巩固已占领地区,阻滞敌方的反冲击(反突击)或突围、退却的行动。对人工障碍物性能的一般要求是:能有效地阻碍预定障碍对象的行动,不易被敌发现和克服,障碍器材便于运输并能迅速构筑或设置。

人工障碍物是随着进攻武器的发展而发展的。人类最早用于防御的人工障碍物,是土墉、沟壕和防栅等筑城障碍物,其中土墉、防栅既是障碍物又是工事。在中国,早在夏、商时期就有了这些障碍物。到西周和春秋战国时期,在城池四周又陆续出现了鹿砦、竹签桩、铁蒺藜、拒马、陷坑等障碍物。火药发明以后,使制造地雷、水雷等爆炸性障碍物成为可能,到明代中后期,这些障碍物在陆战和水战中已得到较普遍的应用。19世纪末期,欧洲战场上出现了铁丝网,在第一次世界大战中已大量使用。1916年坦克出现以后,防坦克壕和防坦克地雷也相继出现。第二次世界大战期间,由于各参战国大量生产地雷,使它成为战场上使用最广泛的障碍物,一次战役往往设置多达数万乃至数十万个防坦克地雷和防步兵地雷。同时在海上也布设了大量水雷。在北非战场上,德军和意军曾使用飞机撒布防步兵地雷。20世纪50年代,在朝鲜战争和越南抗美战争中,美军也用飞机撒布过防步兵地雷。这些新布雷方式到70年代迅速发展。一些国家研制成功了多种可撒布地雷、水雷和能用飞机(含直升机)、火箭、火炮、机械布雷车等在不同距离上撒布地雷和水雷的撒布系统。非爆炸性障碍物在第二次世界大战中及战后也有发展。1973年第四次中东战争(见中东战争)中,防坦克壕显示很大的障碍作用,从而引起许多国家的重视,加强了对防坦克壕的形状、构筑方法和运用的研究。

随着坦克、步兵战斗车、直升机、气垫登陆工具大量用于战场,障碍物的战役、战术密度将进一步增大,爆炸性障碍物将更广泛运用,机动设置障碍物愈益显得重要。为适应现代战争要求,一些国家在研制可控制的、能自动寻找目标和识别目标的新型地雷和水雷及粘性泡沫障碍物等;并在探索研制对付低空袭击的作战飞机和对付气垫登陆工具的障碍物,研究快速构筑和设置各种障碍物的方法等。

 
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