GKS
GKS(Graphical Kernel System)图形核心系统
The Graphical Kernel System (GKS) was the first ISO standard for low-level computer graphics, introduced in 1977. GKS provides a set of drawing features for two-dimensional vector graphics suitable for charting and similar duties. The calls are designed to be portable across different programming languages, graphics devices and hardware, so that applications written to use GKS will be readily portable to many platforms and devices.
GKS was fairly common on computer workstations in the 1980s and early 1990s, and formed the basis of Digital Research's GSX and GEM products; the latter was common on the Atari ST and was occasionally seen on PCs particularly in conjunction with Ventura Publisher. It was little used outside these markets and is essentially obsolete today except insofar as it is the underlying API defining the Computer Graphics Metafile. A notable descendant of GKS was PHIGS.
A main developer and promoter of the GKS was Professor José Luis Encarnação, formerly director of the Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics (IGD) in Darmstadt, Germany.
GKS was ANSI standard ANSI X3.124 and ISO standard ISO/IEC 7942. The language bindings are ISO standard ISO 8651. GKS-3D (Graphical Kernel System for Three Dimensions) functional definition is ISO standard ISO 8805 and the C language bindings are ISO 8806. [1]
The functionality of GKS is wrapped up as a data model standard in ISO 10303-46.
GKS (图形核心系统） 图形核心系统
图形核心系统 (GKS) 是第一次的 ISO 标准，为于 1977 年引入的低级计算机图形。GKS 提供了一组的绘图功能为适合图表和类似职责的二维矢量图形。调用在设计上是便携式跨不同的编程语言、 图形设备和硬件，以便为使用 GKS 编写的应用程序将会很容易便携式多平台和设备。
GKS 是相当常见计算机工作站在八十年代和九十年代初期和成立的数码研究基础 GSX 和创业板产品 ； 后者是常见 Atari ST 上，特别是在与文图拉 Publisher 一起被偶尔看见在 pc 上。 它少用这些市场外，已基本上今日过时除外，就是底层 API 定义计算机图形图元文件。一个值得注意的后代是 GKS 的 PHIGS。
一个主要开发人员和启动子的 GKS 是原主任 Fraunhofer 学院的计算机图形 (IGD) 德国达姆施塔特教授何塞 · 路易斯 · Encarnação。
GKS 是 ANSI 标准 ANSI X3.124 和 ISO 标准 ISO/IEC 7942。语言绑定是 ISO 标准 ISO 8651。GKS-三维的三维图形核心系统功能定义是 ISO 标准 ISO 8805 C 语言的绑定，ISO 8806。
GKS 的功能都包装为一个标准的 ISO 10303 46 的数据模型。