海狼
“海狼”是美国在冷战尚未结束之时开始研制的一级多用途攻击核潜艇，它的设计初衷是为了在深海大洋中与前苏联核潜艇进行全面对抗，全球争霸，因此美国不惜代价，不遗余力，将其打造得具有绝对领先的性能和非同寻常的作战威力，可执行反潜、反舰、对陆、布雷、护航等多种任务，被世人誉为“21世纪的核潜艇”。然而，“海狼”生不逢时，前苏联的崩溃使它失去了角逐对手，高达十几亿美元的惊人“身价”让“黄金之国”也难以承担，于是，在建造了3艘“海狼”之后，美国便放弃了建造30艘的计划，把兴趣转向了更适合其新战略的“弗吉尼亚”级身上。
“海狼”级共建3艘：
SSN21“海狼”号，1989年10月25日开工，1995年6月24日下水，1997年7月19日服役；
SSN22“康涅狄格”号，1998年12月11日服役；
SSN23“吉米·卡特”号，预计2003年服役。
★总体性能：
长99.4米，宽12.9米，水上航行时吃水10.9米，水上排水量7460吨，水下排水量9150吨，水下最大航速35节，最大潜度600米，全艇编制133人，其中12名军官。其动力装置为1座通用电气公司S6W压水反应堆，2台蒸汽轮机，功率38.8MW，约52000马力，单轴，泵喷射推进器。
“海狼”级外形一改美国核潜艇传统的较大长宽比，而重新采用了“大青花鱼”号试验潜艇的小长宽比水滴线型，与“洛杉矶”级相比，“海狼”级的长宽比从10.88下降到7.7，这种艇型有诸多优点，如提高航速、改善机动性、有利于舱室布置和增加隐身性能等。经过反复论证和权衡利弊，“海狼”沿用了美国海军单壳体形式，采用了既抗震又抗海水压力的HY－100高强度钢，其屈服压力为82公斤/平方毫米。它所选择的S6W型加压水冷式反应堆原为水面舰艇使用，这是首次安装在潜艇上，具有结构紧凑、输出功率大等优点。
“海狼”级的第一使命是反潜，降低噪声对它来说至关重要。该级艇的降噪措施主要有：核动力装置采用自然循环反应堆以降低一回路噪声；采用蒸汽轮机电力推进方式，取消噪声大的减速齿轮箱；首次使用新型的“泵喷射推进器”，彻底消除了螺旋桨噪声；艇体外表敷设一层阻尼吸声橡胶，使艇体表面形成一个良好的无回声层；艇体外形光滑，开囗少，突出物少；艇上所有运动机械都经过降噪设计，并且都安装在高效减振基座、弹性支座和弹性减振器上；为降低舱室内部噪声，在美国潜艇上首次使用了“有源消声技术”，也就是在噪声处发出与噪声振幅相同但相位相反的音响，来抵消该处原有噪声，实践证明效果明显。在综合运用了以上措施后，“海狼”级的噪声达到了90－100分贝，这一量级已经低于海洋背景噪声，这使它成为一级真正的“安静型”潜艇。
★武器装备：
“海狼”级首部安装有8具660mm发射管；由于这8具发射管已具有快速发射能力和首部尺寸有限，艇上没有安装垂直发射装置，所有导弹、鱼雷都从这8具发射管中发射。该级艇共可携载50枚各型导弹和鱼雷。
·“战斧”巡航导弹：该弹既可对陆又可反舰，具有战略战术两种作战能力。全重1224公斤，飞行高度15－100米，速度0.7马赫。反舰导弹射程460公里，战斗部装药454公斤；对陆型射程2500公里，战斗部装药454公斤或20万吨当量核弹头，其制导方式为惯性或地形匹配加GPS，圆概率误差为10米。
·“捕鲸叉”反舰导弹：是美国核潜艇的标准反舰导弹，重667公斤，速度0.85马赫，巡航高度15米，末段攻击高度2－5米，射程110－130公里，惯性制导加主动雷达末制导。
·MK48－5（ADCAP）重型鱼雷：该雷既能反潜又能反舰，重量1582公斤，航速60节，航程46公里，潜深1200米，战斗部装药100－150公斤，线导加主/被动声自导，自导系统具有智能处理能力
★电子装备：
·电子设备：作战指挥为AN/BSY－2系统，它采用分布式计算机系统、声学系统、控制系统和电子/水声对抗系统，将探测、识别、跟踪、分析、传递、决策、执行等多项功能融为一体，通过总线与分布式计算机系统相连，核心为UYK－44计算机；水面搜索/导航雷达为BPS－15A；电子支援/对抗有BLD－1、WLQ－4（V）1、WLR－8（V）；另有WLY－1拖曳式诱饵系统。
·声呐：主要为AN/BQQ5D主/被动综合声呐，TB－16被动拖曳声呐、TB－23细线基阵拖曳声呐、被动保角阵声呐、探雷声呐等。
《海狼》
体裁：长篇小说
写作时间：1903年
人物介绍：Wolf Larsen/海狼拉尔森，the schooner Ghost/魔鬼号船长；Hamphrey Van Weyden/亨甫莱 凡 卫登，文学批评家；Maud Brewster/默德 布利斯特，女诗人
全文阅读：The Sea-Wolf/海狼
内容简介：一艘渡船在旧金山湾失事，三十五岁的文学评论家Hamphrey被捕海豹船"魔鬼号"船长海狼Larsen救起。由于船上大副的死亡，缺少人手的Larsen强迫Hamphrey在船上做茶房。Hamphrey目睹了水手和猎人们的争斗，Larsen的冷酷无情。比一般水手都强壮的Larsen以自己的铁拳统治着这名符其实的"魔鬼号"。然而Hamphrey也发现，Larsen也并非全无头脑，只是他那抛开任何微小的利他行为，只想到像酵母一样，大的吞掉小的，强的吞掉弱的，以获得个人的持续生存的人生理论是Hamphrey这样满脑子理想、情操一类事物的文明人所无法接受的。Hamphrey在船上学到了航海知识，身体也强壮起来。
魔鬼号偶然救起了在轮船失事中幸存的Maud Brewster。Hamphrey心中燃起了爱的火花，他终于和Maud找机会逃走，由于偏离了航线，不得不在一个海豹聚集的小岛上暂时安顿下来，过了一段艰苦的努力生存的日子。众叛亲离的Larsen和魔鬼号也撞上了这个小岛。船上的水手和猎人不堪Larsen的压迫，又禁不住有人故意的金钱诱惑，全部抛开魔鬼号去为Larsen的敌人工作。Larsen也不再是那个身体强壮，坚不可摧的样子了，经常的头痛，可能是头部的瘤造成了他的迅速虚弱甚至失明。Hamphrey和Maud努力将魔鬼号修好，其间受到Larsen多次阻挠。船终于修好了，Larsen则出现了偏瘫，生命之火慢慢地熄灭了。 Hamphrey与Maud将Larsen海葬，不久之后，他们获救了。
《海狼》在直到1999年的八十多年间中，曾十几次被搬上银幕，杰克伦敦在1913年的版本中，出演一位水手。
读书笔记：
《海狼》从纯文学的角度来讲，并不是一部非常成功的作品，海狼拉尔森是一个怪人，有强壮的身体和灵活的头脑，以野蛮人的方式与野蛮人殴斗，又以文明人的方式与文明人交谈。他的头脑中满是野蛮的思想，他读文明书只是为了从中找出可以支持自己观点的论据。情节上，几乎没有什么波动，只是讲船上争来斗去的琐事，尤其后期爱情的出现是那么突兀，与书前半部硬冷的基调完全不同。亨甫莱对拉尔森态度的变化也很奇怪，而且没有预兆，完全为爱情而爱情，使亨甫莱十足像个傻瓜。还有那莫名其妙的头疼加失明，为无坚可摧的拉尔森的失败找到了借口。
JL大多并不以情节取胜，他更善于细致刻划某一场景、画面或短小的一串动作，而不是错综复杂的人物关系和立体丰满的人物形象。
此书有诸多不足，但仍然值得一读。它谈到那永远无人可解的难题："人为什么要活着？"按拉尔森的说法，"生命像是酵母，酶，一种活动的东西......大吞小才可以维持他们的活动，强食弱才能保持他们的力量。""(水手)为了要吃要喝而活动，因为可以继续活动，就是这么样。他们为肚子而生活，为生活而吃饱肚子，这是一个循环。"
拉尔森有一套很奇怪的理论，亨甫莱称他为唯物主义者，而拉尔森的唯物主义不仅不相信上帝、永生的存在，甚至不相信人的精神。在他的眼里，人与世界上千千万万动物一样，纯粹是为生存而生存，什么理想、道德，一切不能用来补充力量的空谈都是屁话。
对于生与死，拉尔森秉持着JL一贯的态度，只不过表达方式有所变化："蠕动是卑劣的，但是停止蠕动，像是泥土顽石，是不堪设想的......生命本身就是不如意，但是向前望到死亡，更是不如意。"--说句题外话，我无法相信持此种观点的JL会自杀，当然人的观点是可能变化的。
对拉尔森最好的总结是书中这句原话，"我相信他十足是个原人，生晚了几千年，或者说许多代，在这文明达到高峰的世纪，是一种时代错误。
不知不觉由拉尔森想到原始与文明的对立。文明使我们大多数人在作为一个自然人的层面上，变得柔弱，随着大脑的高度发达，与工具的不断发展，人类已经很退化了。而且文明不可避免地夹杂着虚伪、欺诈。原始与文明，到底怎样是进化，怎样是退化呢？
海狼指的是巴拉金梭鱼。
"Seawolf" in the United States at the end of the Cold War has not yet started development of a multi-purpose attack submarines, it is designed to mind in the deep ocean and the former Soviet Union to conduct a comprehensive nuclear confrontation, the global hegemony, the United States at all costs, spare capacity left, will build its absolute leader in the extraordinary performance and operational power, enforceable anti-submarine, anti-ship, land, mines, a variety of tasks such as escorting by the world as "the 21st century's nuclear submarines." However, "Seawolf" of time, the collapse of the former Soviet Union lost it角逐opponent, as much as 10 billion dollars shocking "value" to "gold country" can hardly bear, therefore, the construction of the three "Seawolf," the United States would abandon the construction of the 30 plans to shift more interested in its new strategy for the "Virginia" on the level.
"Seawolf-class" to build three:
SSN21 "Seawolf", October 25, 1989 began on June 24, 1995 launched on July 19, 1997 service;
SSN22 "Connecticut", December 11, 1998 service;
SSN23 "Jimmy Carter" and the service is expected in 2003.
★ overall performance:
99.4 meters long, 12.9 meters wide, the water at a depth of 10.9 meters navigation, water displacement of 7,460 tons, underwater displacement of 9,150 tons, the maximum speed is 35 underwater, the largest submarine of the 600 meters, all of 133 boats, including 12 officers. Its powered by a General Electric Company S6W pressurised water reactors, 2 steam turbine, the power of 38.8 MW, about 52,000 horsepower, single, pump jet propulsion.
"Seawolf-class" appearance of a United States nuclear submarine to the larger traditional aspect ratio, and re-adopted the "albacore" experimental submarine's small droplets linear aspect ratio, and "Los Angeles" class, compared to the "sea Wolf-class "aspect ratio fell to 7.7 from 10.88, this type boats have many advantages, such as increasing the speed, improve mobility, to increase cabin layout and stealth properties. After repeated appraisals and weighing the pros and cons, "Seawolf" follows the single-shell form of the United States Navy, both by the earthquake and the pressure of seawater HY-100 high-strength steel, its yield pressure of 82 kg / mm 2. S6W its choice of the pressurised water reactor for the use of surface ships, this is the first time the installation of the submarine, a compact structure, large output power advantages.
"Seawolf-class" is the first anti-submarine missions, it is essential to reduce noise. The level of noise reduction measures boats are: the natural cycle of nuclear power installations in a loop reactor to reduce noise; using steam turbine electric propulsion, Noise Cancellation big slowdown gearbox; used for the first time the new "pump-jet propulsion." the complete elimination of the propeller noise; Tingben appearance laying a layer of acoustic damping rubber, Tingben formed on the surface of a good echo layer; Tingben shape smooth, open import less prominence less mechanical movement on the boats all have been descending Noise design, and are installed base in the highly efficient vibration, shock absorber elastic support and flexibility; in order to reduce the internal cabin noise, the first submarine in the United States use the "Active Noise Control Technology", that is, the noise Noise issued by the same amplitude but opposite phase sound, the original noise to offset it, and practice showed an evident result. In the integrated use of the above measures, "Seawolf" the noise level reached 90 to 100 decibels, this order of magnitude lower than ocean background noise, making it a truly "quiet" submarines.
★ weaponry:
"Seawolf-class" first installed eight 660 mm launch tube; since it has eight launch of a rapid launch capability and the first of the limited size of the boats had not been installed on the vertical launchers, all missiles, torpedoes are fired from eight tube launch. The class boats carrying a total of 50 different types of missiles and torpedoes.
"Tomahawk" cruise missiles: the missile will land on the ship also has two strategic and tactical combat capability. All 1,224 kg weight altitude of 15-100 metres, the speed of Mach 0.7. Anti-ship missile has a range 460 km, 454 kg warhead charge; range of 2,500 km of land, 454 kg warhead charge or 200,000 tons equivalent of nuclear warheads, the inertial guidance system for GPS or terrain contour matching increase, the probability of error of the round 10 m.
"Harpoon" anti-ship missiles: the United States is the standard anti-submarine missiles, 667 kg weight, speed Mach 0.85, cruising altitude 15 meters, 2-5 metres high end attacks, a range of 110-130 km, inertial guidance and active radar homing.
MK48-5 (ADCAP) Heavy Torpedo: The mine can not only anti-submarine ship, weighing 1,582 kg, speed 60, range 46 kilometers, 1,200 meters deep submersible, charging 100-150 kg warhead, and the wire-guided / passive acoustic self-directed, self-guided system is intelligent handling capacity
★ electronic equipment:
Electronic equipment: AN/BSY-2 system for the operational command, using distributed computer systems, acoustic systems, control systems and electronic / acoustic warfare systems, detection, identification, tracking, analysis, transmission, decision-making, implementation, a number of functional integration through the bus and distributed computer systems connected to the core UYK-44 computers; surface search / navigation radar for the BPS-15A electronic support / confrontation with BLD-1, WLQ-4 (V) 1 WLR 8 (V); otherwise WLY-1 towed decoy system.
Sonar: mainly AN/BQQ5D master / comprehensive passive sonar, TB-16 towed passive sonar, TB-23 Towed Array Sonar thread, conformal passive sonar array, such as mine detection sonar.
"Seawolf"
Genre: Novels
Writing time: 1903
People description: Wolf Larsen / Seawolf Larsen, the schooner Ghost / captain of the devil; Hamphrey Van Weyden / Ma Fu Fan Wei Deng Levin, literary critic; Maud Brewster / Modebulishite, poetess
Read the full text: The Sea-Wolf / Seawolf
Brief Introduction: a ferry accident in San Francisco Bay, 35-year-old literary critic Hamphrey arrested seals boats, "the devil," the captain Seawolf Larsen rescued. Since the death of Vice-on board, the lack of manpower forced Hamphrey Larsen Chafang done on board. Hamphrey witnessed sailors and hunters struggle, the ruthless Larsen. Mariners general are stronger than the Larsen to their iron-fisted rule of this truly "of the devil." However Hamphrey also found that Larsen also not entirely mind, but his tiny cast aside any altruistic behavior, as only thought of yeast, the scarfed up the small, weak and strong scarfed up to the continued survival of individuals Hamphrey life theory is that with the sentiment of ideals, values of a civilized things are unacceptable. Hamphrey learned on board navigational knowledge, the body also stronger together.
Rescued by the devil, in the accidental crash of the survivors of the ship Maud Brewster. Hamphrey hearts ignite the spark of love, he finally looked for an opportunity to escape and Maud, deviated from the route, had gathered in a seal on the island settle down temporarily, after some painstaking efforts to survive the day. Been deserted by its allies of the devil, and Larsen also hit the island. The ship, the sailors and hunters can not Larsen oppression, and the money could not help but deliberate temptation, all set aside for Larsen to the devil, the enemy of work. Larsen is no longer that the able-bodied, like an impenetrable, regular headache, possibly the head of the tumor caused his rapid debilitation or even blindness. Hamphrey and Maud efforts, the devil will be repaired, which repeatedly blocked by Larsen. The ship finally repaired, Larsen suffered a hemiplegia, life slowly extinguished the fire. Hamphrey and Maud will be Larsen sea burials, shortly after they had rescued.
"Seawolf" until 1999 in the 80-plus years, has more than ten times the big screen, Jack London in the 1913 version, a star sailor.
Study notes:
"Seawolf" From a purely literary point of view, is not a very successful works, Seawolf Larsen is a Frankenstein, strong body and a flexible mind, the way to barbarians barbarians fighting, again civilized manner with civilized conversation. He is in the minds of Man barbaric ideas, he has only to read from civilization to find arguments to support their views. Circumstances, there is little volatility, but stresses to the ship struggle to fight the chores, particularly the emergence of late love is so awkward, and the first part of the cold hard totally different from the tone. Ma Fu Levin of the change in attitude of Terje Roed-Larsen also very strange, and there is no sign exclusively for the love and love, so that Mr Fu Levin full like a fool. It also baffling headaches and blindness, Kennedy can be no catalyst for the Larsen's failure to find a pretext.
JL most cases does not win, he described a scene at detailed images or a series of short movements, rather than complex characters and the images of three-dimensional fullness.
The book has many inadequacies, it is still worth reading. It addresses the eternal problem no one solution: "Why should people alive?" According to Larsen said, "Life is like yeast, enzymes, an activity ...... big things can swallow small maintain their activities, and strengthening the weak in order to maintain their fresh forces. "" (sailors) to eat and drink, to continue its activities because it is so kind. them when they had to live for life and fill our stomachs, it is a cycle. "
Larsen has a very strange theory, Ma Fu Levin said he materialist, and Larsen materialism not only did not believe in God, the existence of eternal life, or even do not believe in the human spirit. In his eyes, and the tens of thousands of animals, like the world, and it is purely for survival survival, what ideals, ethics, and all the forces could not be used to supplement the words are Pihua.
For life and death, Terje Roed-Larsen delivered JL attitude has always been to just change the way the expression: "Creeping is despicable, but stopped moving like mud stone, life is unthinkable ... itself is unsatisfactory, but forward Wangdao death, is unsatisfactory. "- say the way, I could not believe such a view would be suicide JL, of course, the view is likely to change.
Larsson best of the book is a summary of the original phrase, "I believe he is a full Yuanren, the Health and night for several thousand years, or many generations, in this civilization reached a peak of the century, is an anachronism.
Larsson thought unconsciously from the original confrontation with the civilized. Our civilization, as a majority of the people in the natural level, become weak, with a highly developed brain, and the continual development of tools that mankind has very degraded. And civilizations inevitably mixed with hypocrisy, fraud. Primitive and civilized, in the end what is the evolution of what is degradation?
Seawolf referring to the mullet Palawan.
_______________________________________________________________
同名英国电《海狼》
◎片名The Sea Wolves
◎译名海狼(中)/海狼(台)/海狮突击队(港)
◎年代1980
◎国家美国
◎类别战争/剧情/动作
◎语言英语
◎片长120 Mins
◎导演安德鲁 V. 麦克拉格伦 (Andrew V. McLaglen)
◎主演
戴维·尼文
罗杰·摩尔
格里高利·派克
帕特里克·麦克尼
伯纳德·阿查德
特雷弗·霍华德
【简介】
第二次世界大战期间，盟军的海上运输船频频在印度洋遭到德军潜艇的偷袭，损失惨重。英国驻印度谍报部门通过无线电监听发现，在孟买以南400英里的果阿有一座电台。为查明真相，英国谍报部门派出两名精明、干练的特工路易斯少校（格里高利·派克）和盖文上尉（罗杰·摩尔）前往葡萄牙在印度的领地果阿调查详细情况。
路易斯和盖文掌握了德国电台在果阿港口的一艘命为“沃伦费尔”的货船上，同时，他们绑架了德国在南亚洲的头号间谍特姆彼塔。但是特姆彼塔拘捕，路易斯失手杀了他。特姆彼塔的助手克伦维尔夫人很快接替了他的任务；又有三艘盟军运输船被击沉。由于果阿是中立区，无法派职业军人袭击德国货船，为此，英国情报部门一筹莫展。路易斯建议邀请加尔各答商团参加行动，这些40年没打仗、成天酗酒、大腹便便、年过半百的勇士能完成任务么？
【译制配音】上海电影译制厂
【译制导演】乔 榛
【配音演员】
路易斯 普尤格中校：毕克
加文 斯图尔特上尉：乔榛
比尔 格里斯：杨成纯
杰克 卡崔尔特：杨文元
“克伦威尔夫人”：丁建华
杰克 威尔顿（破船修理工）
突击队某队员：于鼎
同名香港电影
片 名：海狼
导 演：郑兆强
演 员：任达华 杨丽菁 语言： 中文
类 型：剧情 动作
关 键 字：失忆 海盗 杀手 地区： 香港
剧情介绍：
一艘菲律宾货轮在香港泊岸，海关人员循例登船检查，突然遇袭，一名匿藏船上的男子Gary打伤海关人员，逃到岸上，接连数日在码头附近发生多宗凶杀案，香港警队杨丽菁督察接手调查，她从各点蛛丝马迹中推断，行凶者与当日逃去无踪的Gray有关。警方高层向杨下达指示，要对此暴徒加紧追捕，必要时，为了全港市民的安全着想，可以执行格杀令。惟杨在拘捕Gray的过程中，发现Gray本是一个善良的人，一切暴力行为都只属自卫，杨深信另有内情，继续调查，得悉菲律宾轮实在海盗船。可惜，杨苦无证据，上司当然不信她的片面之词。事实上，Gray乃公海劫案的唯一生还者，被海盗扣押，幸而他与海盗船上的John乃旧时好友，遂得以逃脱，但却被海盗陷害他杀人，而John亦因海盗群的迫害要逃命。杨眼见Gray与John两名无辜者确定为凶徒，无计可施。另方面，Gray从自己及John背上的海狼纹身，开始渐渐有记忆。
一种生物的名称：
海狼，也是一种海洋鱼类的名称，全称是海狼鱼，但人们习惯称呼为海狼。赠送香港的两尾中华鲟被海狼咬死的新闻也可以搜索到。