纳扎尔巴耶夫
努尔苏丹·阿比舍维奇·纳扎尔巴耶夫(Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbayev) １９４０年７月出生于阿拉木图州卡斯克连区切莫尔甘村的一个哈萨克族农牧民家庭，早年毕业于卡拉干达冶金联合企业高等技术学校和苏共中央高级党校函授班，曾获冶金工程师职称和经济学博士学位。
纳扎尔巴耶夫１９６０年参加工作后，在卡拉干达冶金联合企业当过铸铁工、高炉炉工、调度员和工长等。凭借着出色的能力和踏实的作风，他从最基层的工人岗位一步步走上了国家最高领导岗位，１９６９年至１９８４年，他从事党务工作。１９８４年至１９８９年，他出任哈萨克苏维埃社会主义共和国部长会议主席，１９８９年６月当选为哈共中央第一书记，１９９０年２月，他兼任哈萨克苏维埃社会主义共和国最高苏维埃主席。同年４月，他当选为哈萨克苏维埃社会主义共和国总统。１９９１年１２月哈萨克斯坦独立后，他以高票当选哈萨克斯坦共和国首任总统。１９９５年４月２９日，哈萨克斯坦举行全民公决，将纳扎尔巴耶夫的总统任期延长至２０００年。１９９８年，哈议会修改宪法，将总统任期从５年改成７年。１９９９年１月１０日，哈举行总统大选，纳扎尔巴耶夫再次当选，任期至２００６年。２００５年１２月４日，哈举行新一届总统选举，纳扎尔巴耶夫以９１．０１％得票率再次蝉联哈萨克斯坦总统。２００７年５月１８日，哈萨克斯坦议会通过宪法修正案，授权现任总统纳扎尔巴耶夫可不受次数限制地连任总统职务。根据该修正案，哈萨克斯坦现行宪法第４２款第５条中，有关“同一人选连续担任哈萨克斯坦总统不得超过两届”的规定，将不适用于首任、即现任总统纳扎尔巴耶夫。
纳扎尔巴耶夫作风朴实、策略灵活、注重实际、以理服人，被描述为“精明、能干的政治家”。他平易近人，常常深入到群众当中去，并与他们谈笑风生。他强调“以现实主义态度”对待政治和经济问题，“从客观实际出发”解决国家面临的各种矛盾。
在纳扎尔巴耶夫的领导下，哈萨克斯坦近年来在社会政治和经济发展方面取得了令人瞩目的成就。２００４年，哈人均国内生产总值从１０年前的７００美元升至３０００美元，人民生活不断得到改善。哈居民近１０年来的货币收入增长了４倍，月平均工资和退休金分别增加了５倍和３．６倍，居民的人均储蓄额增长了３６倍。哈对外坚持奉行积极、多元、平衡的政策，在与世界各国和平相处的前提下，优先发展同俄罗斯、中国、美国和欧盟的合作关系。并且纳扎尔巴耶夫曾多次来华访问。
纳扎尔巴耶夫著述颇丰，主要著作有：《探索之路》、《哈萨克斯坦主权国家形成和发展战略》、《站在２１世纪门槛上》、《欧亚联盟：观念、实践和前景１９９４－１９９７》和《哈萨克斯坦－－２０３０年的战略发展》等。他还是一名高山滑雪爱好者。
纳扎尔巴耶夫和夫人萨拉·纳扎尔巴耶娃育有三个女儿。夫人：萨拉·阿尔贝索芙娜·纳扎尔巴耶娃生于１９４１年，哈萨克族，现任哈萨克“博别克”国际儿童福利基金会主席。有三个女儿。
努尔苏丹·阿比舍维奇·纳扎尔巴耶夫 (Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbayev) １９４０年７月６日出生于哈萨克阿拉木图州卡斯克连区切莫尔甘村，哈萨克族人。１９６７年毕业于卡拉干达冶金联合企业高等技术学校，获矿山工程学士。１９７６年毕业于苏共中央高级党校函授班，获经济学博士学位。
阿拉木图市是北京奥运火炬接力“和谐之旅”的第一站。哈萨克斯坦总统纳扎尔巴耶夫4月2日出席起跑仪式，并作为第一棒火炬手参加接力。
Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbayev is one of the representative Kazakh political leaders. The reason why I chose him to write about is he played an important role as Kazakhstan became independent in 1991. He has shown a strong commitment to reform the Kazakh economy. His efforts are making Kazakhstan attractive for foreign investments. He became president of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR) in 1990 and continuously of the independent republic of Kazakhstan after the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1991.
Nazarbayev was born into a peasant family in Chemolgan in July 6, 1940. He was educated at the Qaraghandy Metallurgical Combine in Kazakhstan and at the Higher Party School of the Central committee of the Soviet Communist party in Moscow. He became a Communist party member in 1962. (NEXIS)
Nazarbayev worked at numerous positions as he went up the political ladder of the Communist party. He began as a steelworker at the Qaraghandy Metallurgical Combine under the Soviet regime. He later became an economist and rose in the ranks of the Kazakh Communist Party. For example, he was the secretary of the party committee at the Qaraghandy Metallurgical Combine, secretary of the Temirtau City Committee, and first secretary of the Qaraghandy District Committee of the Kazakh Communist party. He served as chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR from 1984 to 1989, and was elected president of Soviet Kazakhstan in 1990 and continued in that post when the republic succeeded to achieve independence (the independent republic of Kazakhstan) in 1991. (Groiler Encyclopedia)
After the break-up of the USSR, Nazarbayev directed the Kazakh economy. He hired Bang, Chan Young, a Korean American professor of economics, as an adviser in order to learn the market economy from the West. As an effort to improve the economy of Kazakhstan, Nazarbayev proposed a free economic zone along the entire border between China and Kazakhstan, when he visited Beijing in 1992. He also authorized several western companies to explore and extract fossil fuels in Kazakhstan by signing a 40-year agreement with American oil company Chevron Corporation that allowed the formation of the joint venture corporation Tengizchevroil in 1993. (Microsoft Encarta 96 Encyclopedia)
Nazarbayev put a lot of efforts into expanding the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) to include more former Soviet republics. He also promoted the economic relationship with other former Soviet republics of Central Asia. He invited a summit of Central Asian leaders in 1990, before the disintegration of USSR for the goal of having closer economic ties. Several other Central Asian leaders followed, for example a much-publicized summit in Toshkent, Uzbekistan in 1993. In this event, he claimed that all preconditions for a Central Asian common market had been established. In March 1994 he issued a decree creating a free trade zone with neighboring Uzbekistan. (Microsoft Encarta 96 Encyclopedia)
Nazarbayev readily agreed on limiting his control over nuclear weapons based in his republic. He supported the negotiations of president of Russia, Boris Yeltsin with American officials on the issue of reducing nuclear arms in 1992. After signing the treaty of friendship with Russia, which guaranteed the inviolability of Kazakhstan's borders, he agreed to remove all nuclear weapons from Kazakhstan. Later, in March 1994 he agreed to lease the Baikonur Space Complex to Russia for 20 years for 5 million annually as an effect of the treaty with Russia. He also ordered the closure of the nuclear test site near Semey (formerly Semiplatinsk). In 1993, for another action taken by him was to decree the creation of a Kazakh navy with the Caspian Sea as its zone of operation. In February 1994, Nazarbayev went to Washington D.C. and signed the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and other documents. He proposed that several CIS states form a Eurasian Union that would more closely integrate the countries' economies in March 1994. (Keylor, pg 138)
Nazarbayev is from peasant family. He also began as a steelworker. But now he emerged as the most prominent leader of the former Soviet Central Asian republics. I just want to give a lot of credits to him for his job on cultivating ties with the West while keeping close relations with Boris Yeltsin's Russia at the same time. His efforts on the world peace by the reduction of nuclear weapon and on trying to improve the economy of the republic will be remembered as his great performances as a political leader of Kazakhstan.