王朝百科
分享
 
 
 

分词

王朝百科·作者佚名  2009-10-25  
宽屏版  字体: |||超大  

分词

分词

fēncí

[participle]具有动词及形容词二者特征的词;尤指以-ing或-ed,-d,-t,-en或-n结尾的英语动词性形容词,具有形容词功能,同时又表现各种动词性特点,如时态,语态、带状语性修饰语的性能及带宾词的性能

一.分词总介:分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种,是一种非谓语动词形式

现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于:现在分词表示"主动和进行",过去分词表示"被动和完成"(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。

1、 分词作状语分词在句子中作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。

分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句中主语相一致。.当现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时, 则用现在分词的完成式,且所表示动作与谓语动作同时发生, 则用现在分词的一般式。完成或被动关系用过去分词。

(1)现在分词The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.

(2)过去分词Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better.

2、"while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)+分词"结构现在分词或过去分词作状语时,有时可以在分词前加while,when, once, although, until, if等连词。

When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work……

Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.

Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.

3、分词作定语分词作定语时,单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前,分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系),过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。

We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.

This is really an exhausting day to all of us!

We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.

After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.

More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries

4、分词作宾语补足语现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语,作宾语补语的成分。

5、分词作表语分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的性质,而且主语多为物;过去分词表示主语的感受或状态,主语多为人。

一.现在分词的用法:1) 做表语:

He was very amused.

That book was rather boring.

很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语:

exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.

2) 作定语:

上面所出现的现在分词都可以用作定语, 修饰一个名词:

That must have been a terrifying experience.

I found him a charming person.

现在分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词, 相当于一个定语从句:

There are a few boys swimming in the river.

There is a car waiting outside.

3) 作状语:

现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作:

Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain.

Opening the drawer, he took out a box.

Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.

现在分词短语还可以表示原因, 相当于一个原因状语从句:

Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.

Being unemployed, he hasn’t got much money.

现在分词短语还可以表示时间, 相当于一个时间状语从句:

Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.

Returning home, he began to do his homework.

Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis.

Be careful when crossing the road.

Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.

Having finished her work, she went home.

4)作宾补:

现在分词在一些动词之后可以做宾语的补语:

例如, see, hear, catch, find, keep , have 等.

I see him passing my house every day.

I caught him stealing things in that shop.

I smelt something burning.

She kept him working all day.

二.过去分词的用法:1) 作表语:

We were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning.

She felt confused, and even frightened.

They were very pleased with the girl.

I’m satisfied with your answer.

He is not interested in research.

2) 作定语:

She has a pleased look on her face.

The teacher gave us a satisfied smile.

cooked food a written report

fried eggs boiled water

frozen food armed forces

required courses fallen leaves

finished products a forced smile

the risen sun new arrived visitors

What’s the language spoken in that country?

They’re problem left over by history.

The play put on by the teachers was a big success.

Is there anybody injured?

Do you know the number of books ordered?

3)作状语:

Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.

Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year.

They came in, followed by some children.

Depressed, he went to see his elder sister.

When treated with kindness, he was very amiable.

4)作宾补:

过去分词也同样可以作宾语的补语, 接在某些动词后面

I will have the clothes washed tomorrow.

When they get back home, they found the room robbed.

三.巩固练习1. __________ with the best students, I still have a long way to go.

A. Having compared B. To compare

C. Compared D. Compare

( ) 2. The music of the film _________ by him sounds so ___________ .

A. playing, exciting B. played, excited

C. playing, excited D. played, exciting

( ) 3. __________ against the coming hurricane, they dared not leave home.

A. Warned B. Having warned

C. To warn D. Warn

( ) 4. In __________ countries, you can’t always make yourself _______ by speaking English.

A. English-speaking, understand B. English-spoken, understand

C. English-speaking, understood D. English-spoken, understood

( )5. After _____________ the old man, the doctor suggested that he ___________ a bad cold.

A. examining, should catch B. examined, had caught

C. examining, had caught D. examined, catch

( ) 6. _____________ , Tom jumped into the river and had a good time in it.

A. Be a good swimmer B. Being a good swimmer

C. Having been good swimmer D. To be a good swimmer

( ) 7. ________ how to read the new words, I often look them up in the dictionary.

A. Having not known B. Not to know

C. Don’t know D. Not knowing

( ) 8. As his parent, you shouldn’t have your child ___________ such a book.

A. read B. to read

C. reading D. be reading

( ) 9. He returned from abroad ______________ that his mother had been badly ill.

A. heard B. having been heard

C. having phoned D. having been phoned

答案:

1. C 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. D

 
 
免责声明:本文为网络用户发布,其观点仅代表作者个人观点,与本站无关,本站仅提供信息存储服务。文中陈述内容未经本站证实,其真实性、完整性、及时性本站不作任何保证或承诺,请读者仅作参考,并请自行核实相关内容。
如何用java替换看不见的字符比如零宽空格​十六进制U+200B
 干货   2023-09-10
网页字号不能单数吗,网页字体大小为什么一般都是偶数
 干货   2023-09-06
java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 4096
 干货   2023-09-06
Noto Sans CJK SC字体下载地址
 干货   2023-08-30
window.navigator和navigator的区别是什么?
 干货   2023-08-23
js获取referer、useragent、浏览器语言
 干货   2023-08-23
oscache遇到404时会不会缓存?
 干货   2023-08-23
linux下用rm -rf *删除大量文件太慢怎么解决?
 干货   2023-08-08
刀郎新歌破世界纪录!
 娱乐   2023-08-01
js实现放大缩小页面
 干货   2023-07-31
生成式人工智能服务管理暂行办法
 百态   2023-07-31
英语学习:过去完成时The Past Perfect Tense举例说明
 干货   2023-07-31
Mysql常用sql命令语句整理
 干货   2023-07-30
科学家复活了46000年前的虫子
 探索   2023-07-29
英语学习:过去进行时The Past Continuous Tense举例说明
 干货   2023-07-28
meta name="applicable-device"告知页面适合哪种终端设备:PC端、移动端还是自适应
 干货   2023-07-28
只用css如何实现打字机特效?
 百态   2023-07-15
css怎么实现上下滚动
 干货   2023-06-28
canvas怎么画一个三角形?
 干货   2023-06-28
canvas怎么画一个椭圆形?
 干货   2023-06-28
canvas怎么画一个圆形?
 干货   2023-06-28
canvas怎么画一个正方形?
 干货   2023-06-28
中国河南省郑州市金水区蜘蛛爬虫ip大全
 干货   2023-06-22
javascript简易动态时间代码
 干货   2023-06-20
感谢员工的付出和激励的话怎么说?
 干货   2023-06-18
 
>>返回首页<<
 
 
 
静静地坐在废墟上,四周的荒凉一望无际,忽然觉得,凄凉也很美
© 2005- 王朝网络 版权所有