长须牧羊犬
长须牧羊犬也称高地牧羊犬,属喜爱室外活动的犬种,同时也可成为家庭中的一员.外形近似英国
牧羊犬,只是体型较细挑瘦长,且不用断尾.
历史:牧羊犬种的准确起源无法考证,大致祖先可能是苏格兰原产的古老品种.可是根据长须牧羊
犬的专家推测,中世纪由波兰商人携带至英国北部的犬种可能是长须牧羊犬种之一.20世纪初,该品种
几乎全部绝灭.1944年,经过一对长须牧羊犬的繁殖才避免灭种危机.
性质:友善,活泼,聪明,性格沉稳,喜欢规律性的运动,为健康的品种.有强烈的好奇表情,不具备容易兴
奋及攻击性倾向.
头部:四方头盖,宽,头顶平坦,拥有力强的鼻口部.弯曲且大的眉部,但并不遮盖眼睛.
眼:大,两眼间距宽,颜色和毛色相同. 鼻,唇,眼的边缘通常为黑色,蓝色和茶色的狗则和毛色相同.
耳:大小适中,休息时下垂.
身体:身子长,胸部厚,背部平坦,从旁边看去,胸部前面是平的.
被毛:柔软的下毛,上毛是长而硬得直毛或波状毛.毛色有黑色,蓝色,灰色,茶色,带红的芥茉色,暗灰色,
头和胸,四肢,尾端是白色的也有.
四肢:四肢全被长毛覆盖,前肢直,骨骼粗,后肢肌肉发达.
足部:椭圆形,被毛覆盖,肉趾宽,脚尖紧闭,呈圆形.
尾:尾根低,尾端在低处向上弯曲.
身高:雄:53~56厘米 雌:51~53厘米
古代长须牧羊犬AKC标准及简介
长须牧羊犬也称高地牧羊犬,属喜爱室外活动的犬种,同时也可成为家庭中的一员.外形近似英国牧羊犬,只是体型较细挑瘦长,且不用断尾.
历史:牧羊犬种的准确起源无法考证,大致祖先可能是苏格兰原产的古老品种.可是根据长须牧羊犬的专家推测,中世纪由波兰商人携带至英国北部的犬种可能是长须牧羊犬种之一.20世纪初,该品种几乎全部绝灭.1944年,经过一对长须牧羊犬的繁殖才避免灭种危机
特征
古代长须牧羊犬是一种勇敢而警惕、兼具力量和敏捷的真正的工作犬。百年以来，一直是人类的伴侣和仆人，古代长须牧羊犬是家庭中聪明且深情的成员。他坚定而自信，丝毫没有羞怯或具有攻击性的倾向。是一种自然的、未加修饰的品种。
简介
古代长须牧羊犬体型中等，具有长度适中的被毛，被毛沿着天然的身体轮廓下垂，允许身体下部有空白，身躯长而倾斜，虽然强壮，但不显得笨重。聪明、好奇的表情是这一品种的显著特点之一。古代长须牧羊犬应该始终保持自然形态。
头部
头部与身躯比例恰当。脑袋平而宽；止部适中；面颊位于眼睛之下；口吻结实而丰满；前脸（口吻）的长度与脑袋的长度（从止部到后枕骨的距离）大致相等。鼻镜大且略方。象被截断的口吻属于缺陷（参见‘色素着色情况’）。
眼睛：眼睛大，眼神温柔而友爱，眼睛既不圆也不突出，位置分的较开。眉毛圆拱，向两侧分开，有足够的长度，能与两侧头部被毛平滑接合。（参见‘眼睛颜色’）
耳朵：耳朵中等大小，垂耳，覆盖有很长的毛发。与眼睛处于同一水平线。当狗警惕时，耳根略微举起。
牙齿：牙齿结实而白，剪状咬和。完整的齿系最为理想。
颈部
颈部的长度与身躯比例恰当，结实而略拱，平顺地与肩部结合。
前躯
肩部向后倾斜，角度约45度；从肩胛最高点向前，到肩胛与前臂的结合点所形成的直线，与前臂从与肩胛结合点向下，延伸到肘部的直线，正好呈清晰的直角。肩胛骨在马肩隆处相互依靠，但它们充分向外倾斜，给肋骨提供的足够的扩张空间。前肢直且垂直于地面，坚固但不笨重。骨骼被蓬松的毛发所遮蔽，脚腕柔韧而不软弱。
身躯
身躯的长度大于高度，比例接近5/4。身躯长度是指从前胸到臀部最后点的距离，身躯高度指的是马肩隆到地面的垂直距离。背的长度是指胸腔的长度，不包括腰部。背线水平。肋骨从脊柱向外扩张，但两侧平坦。胸深，延伸到肘部。腰部结实，水平的背线平顺的与弯曲的臀部结合。平坦的臀部或陡峭的臀部都属于严重缺陷。
后躯
后肢有力且肌肉发达，大腿及后膝关节适度倾斜。飞节低。正常站立时，从后面观察，飞节垂直于地面且相互平行，从侧面观察，后足爪位于臀部末端的垂直线之后。后肢被蓬松的被毛所覆盖。
尾巴：尾巴位置低，长度为尾骨末端能延伸到飞节。狗在正常站立时，尾巴下垂，且尾巴末端略向上卷，当狗兴奋时或运动时，卷曲加重，且尾巴可能凸起，但决不能卷曲到垂直线。尾巴上覆盖着大量毛发。
足爪
足爪为卵形，脚垫厚实。脚趾圆拱而紧凑，有毛发覆盖（包括脚趾之间）。
被毛
有双层被毛，底毛柔软、厚实且紧密。外层披毛平坦、粗硬、结实且蓬松，没有绒毛状或蜷曲，但是，略呈波浪状是允许的。被毛自然的从身体两侧垂下，但不能以人工方式分开被毛。毛发的长度和密度应该足够提供保护作用，并能很好的勾勒出狗的外形轮廓，决不能过分浓密以影响身体自然的外形轮廓。其外表应该经过精心整理而显得自然和谐，但决不能用任何方法修剪被毛。在头部、鼻梁上覆盖着略显稀疏的毛发，这些毛发略长，向两侧下垂并遮盖了嘴唇。在面颊、下唇、下颚等部位的毛发长度，向胸部方向逐渐增长，形成典型的胡须。过分长的被毛、丝状的被毛、或以任何方式修剪被毛，都属于严重缺陷。
颜色
所有古代长须牧羊犬出生时，可能是黑色、兰色、褐色或驼色，带或不带白色斑纹都可以。成熟以后，被毛颜色会变浅，出生为黑色的狗，颜色会变成不同深度的灰色：从黑色到蓝灰色到银色；出生为褐色的狗，颜色会变为从巧克力色到沙滩色等不同深度的颜色；出生为兰色和驼色的狗也会变成从深到浅不同深度色调的颜色。白色斑纹，只应该出现在脸部的白筋、脑袋上、尾巴尖、胸部、腿和足爪及围绕颈部。白色不应该出现在身躯上（马肩隆之后的部分）、也不能出现在脸上眼睛周围。有时出现褐色斑纹是可以接受的：褐色斑纹应该出现在眉毛、耳朵里面、面颊、尾根下面，及在腿上，白色与主色调交界的地方。
色素沉积：古代长须牧羊犬的色素与被毛颜色是相关的。出生为黑色的狗，鼻镜、眼圈和嘴唇为黑色；反之，出生为兰色的狗，色素沉积就为兰灰色；出生为褐色的狗，拥有褐色的色素沉积；而出生为驼色的狗，色素沉积会浅一些。色素沉积的颜色应该完整充分，无污点色斑。
眼睛的颜色：眼睛的颜色一般与被毛颜色一致，出生为兰色或驼色的狗，眼睛颜色略浅是正常的，不属于缺陷。
尺寸
理想的高度为：成年雄性肩高约21~22英寸；成年雌性肩高约20~21英寸。高度低于上述标准属于严重缺陷。严格遵守这一尺寸标准，是为了确保古代长须牧羊犬为中型犬。
步态
动作舒展、顺滑而有力。充分的前躯伸展和强大的后躯驱动力配合默契。背线水平且稳固。足爪抬起的高度仅仅使其离开地面，给人一种狗是在滑行的印象。动作柔软而灵活，使狗能急剧转弯或突然停止（作为牧羊犬必须的技能）。从前面或后面观察，不论什么速度，对应的前后肢都在同一平面内（从肩或臀到脚垫）运动。腿直，但速度增加时，足爪向内靠拢，直到快速跑时，足爪聚拢在身体中心线下[1]。
主要缺陷
—象截断的口吻。
—平坦或陡峭的臀部。
—过分长或丝状被毛。
—修剪被毛。
—身高低于或超过标准
古代长须牧羊犬(Bearded Collie) Bearded Collie Breed Standard
Characteristics
The Bearded Collie is hardy and active, with an aura of strength and agility characteristic of a real working dog. Bred for centuries as a companion and servant of man, the Bearded Collie is a devoted and intelligent member of the family. He is stable and self-confident, showing no signs of shyness or aggression. This is a natural and unspoiled breed.
General Appearance
The Bearded Collie is a medium sized dog with a medium length coat that follows the natural lines of the body and allows plenty of daylight under the body. The body is long and lean, and, though strongly made, does not appear heavy. A bright inquiring expression is a distinctive feature of the breed. The Bearded Collie should be shown in a natural stance.
Head
The head is in proportion to the size of the dog. The skull is broad and flat; the stop is moderate; the cheeks are well filled beneath the eyes; the muzzle is strong and full; the foreface is equal in length to the distance between the stop and occiput. The nose is large and squarish. A snipy muzzle is to be penalized. (See Color section for pigmentation.)
Eyes: The eyes are large, expressive, soft and affectionate, but not round nor protruding, and are set widely apart. The eyebrows are arched to the sides to frame the eyes and are long enough to blend smoothly into the coat on the sides of the head. (See Color section for eye color.)
Ears: The ears are medium sized, hanging and covered with long hair. They are set level with the eyes. When the dog is alert, the ears have a slight lift at the base.
Teeth: The teeth are strong and white, meeting in a scissors bite. Full dentition is desirable.
Neck
The neck is in proportion to the length of the body, strong and slightly arched, blending smoothly into the shoulders.
Forequarters
The shoulders are well laid back at an angle of approximately 45º; a line drawn from the highest point of the shoulder blade to the forward point of articulation approximates a right angle with a line from the forward point of articulation to the point of the elbow. The tops of the shoulder blades lie in against the withers, but they slope outwards from there sufficiently to accommodate the desired spring of ribs. The legs are straight and vertical, with substantial, but not heavy, bone and are covered with shaggy hair all around. The pasterns are flexible without weakness.
Body
The body is longer than it is high in an approximate ratio of five to four, length measured from point of chest to point of buttocks, height measured at the highest point of the withers. The length of the back comes from the length of the ribcage and not that of the loin. The back is level. The ribs are well sprung from the spine but are flat at the sides. The chest is deep, reaching at least to the elbows. The loins are strong. The level back line blends smoothly into the curve of the rump. A flat croup or a steep croup is to be severely penalized.
Hindquarters
The hind legs are powerful and muscular at the thighs with well bent stifles. The hocks are low. In normal stance, the bones below the hocks are perpendicular to the ground and parallel to each other when viewed from the rear; the hind feet fall just behind a perpendicular line from the point of buttocks when viewed from the side. The legs are covered with shaggy hair all around.
Tail: The tail is set low and is long enough for the end of the bone to reach at least the point of the hocks. It is normally carried low with an upward swirl at the tip while the dog is standing. When the dog is excited or in motion, the curve is accentuated and the tail may be raised but is never carried beyond a vertical line. The tail is covered with abundant hair.
Feet
The feet are oval in shape with the soles well padded. The toes are arched and close together, and well covered with hair including between the pads.
Coat
The coat is double with the undercoat soft, furry and close. The outercoat is flat, harsh, strong and shaggy, free from wooliness and curl, although a slight wave is permissible. The coat falls naturally to either side but must never be artificially parted. The length and density of the hair are sufficient to provide a protective coat and to enhance the shape of the dog, but not so profuse as to obscure the natural lines of the body. The dog should be shown as naturally as is consistent with good grooming but the coat must not be trimmed in any way. On the head, the bridge of the nose is sparsely covered with hair which is slightly longer on the sides to cover the lips. From the cheeks, the lower lips and under the chin, the coat increases in length towards the chest, forming the typical beard. An excessively long, silky coat or one which has been trimmed in any way must be severely penalized.
Color
Coat: All Bearded Collies are born either black, blue, brown or fawn, with or without white markings. With maturity, the coat color may lighten, so that a born black may become any shade of gray from black to slate to silver, a born brown from chocolate to sandy. Blues and fawns also show shades from dark to light. Where white occurs, it only appears on the foreface as a blaze, on the skull, on the tip of the tail, on the chest, legs and feet and around the neck. The white hair does not grow on the body behind the shoulder nor on the face to surround the eyes. Tan markings occasionally appear and are acceptable on the eyebrows, inside the ears, on the cheeks, under the root of the tail, and on the legs where the white joins the main color.
Pigmentation: Pigmentation on the Bearded Collie follows coat color. In a born black, the eye rims, nose and lips are black, whereas in the born blue, the pigmentation is a blue-gray color. A born brown dog has brown pigmentation and born fawns a correspondingly lighter brown. The pigmentation is completely filled in and shows no sign of spots.
Eyes: Eye color will generally tone with the coat color. In a born blue or fawn, the distinctively lighter eyes are correct and must not be penalized.
Size
The ideal height at the withers is 21-22 inches for adult dogs and 20-21 inches for adult bitches. Height over and under the ideal is to be severely penalized. The express objective of this criterion is to insure that the Bearded Collie remains a medium sized dog.
Gait
Movement is free, supple and powerful. Balance combines good reach in forequarters with strong drive in hindquarters. The back remains firm and level. The feet are lifted only enough to clear the ground, giving the impression that the dog glides along making minimum contact. Movement is lithe and flexible to enable the dog to make the sharp turns and sudden stops required of the sheepdog. When viewed from the front and rear, the front and rear legs travel in the same plane from the shoulder and hip joint to pads at all speeds. Legs remain straight, but feet move inward as speed increases until the edges of the feet converge on a center line at a fast trot.
Serious Faults:
--snipy muzzle
--flat croup or steep croup
--excessively long, silky coat
--trimmed or sculptured coat
--height over or under the ideal
Approved August 9, 1978