悬垂分词
分词做状语时，其逻辑主语英语句子中的主语一致。但有时分词的主语与其所在句子中的主语并不一致，拥有这种现象的分词，叫做垂悬分词。
例如
Looking out of the window of our hotel room, there are lots of mountains.
(这句话听起来好像是那些山从窗户往外看。)
Admired by everybody, dozens of letters reached the veteran soldier.
(这句话听起来好像是信件被赞扬。)
Sitting under an apple tree one night, an idea came to Newton.
(这句话听上去好像是某种思想坐在树下。)
关于“悬垂分词”这条语法规则也有例外情况。下面几种情况中的分词(短语)，不再认为它们是“悬垂分词”，即句子是正确的。1)有些分词(短语)可用来表示说话人的态度，看问题的角度，或者对所叙述的情况进行解释，它们便成了句子的独立成分，其逻辑主语也就不再是句子的主语。
Strictly speaking, nobody is allowed in here.
严格地讲，谁也不允许在这儿。(speaking的逻辑主语并不是nobody)
Judging from his accent, he must be from the South.
从他的口音判断，他一定是南方人。(这句中不是he在“判断”)
Taken as a whole, there is nothing with the book.
总的来说，这本书没有问题。
Taking all things into consideration, his work is a successful one.
全面考虑起来，他的工作还是很成功的。
经常这样用的分词(分词词组)有：frankly (broadly, generally, properly, strictly…) speaking, judging from(by)…,talking about…,speaking of…,looking at…,taking…into consideration, put frankly, taken…等。
2)这样使用的有些分词，在句子中逐渐起到连词或介词的作用，便把它们视为连词或介词。
Granting that he had the best intention, his conduct might work great mischief.就算他出于好意，他的行为也会引起极大不快。
There were ten people in the room, including me.
屋子里有十个人，包括我在内。
Provided that my expenses are paid, I will go.
要是我的费用有人代付，我就去。