SQL语句大全
基础创建数据库创建之前判断该数据库是否存在
if exists (select * from sysdatabases where name='databaseName')
drop database databaseName
go
Create DATABASE database-name删除数据库drop database dbname备份sql server--- 创建 备份数据的 device
USE master
EXEC sp_addumpdevice 'disk', 'testBack', 'c:mssql7backupMyNwind_1.dat'
--- 开始 备份
BACKUP DATABASE pubs TO testBack创建新表create table tabname(col1 type1 [not null] [primary key],col2 type2 [not null],..)
根据已有的表创建新表：
A：create table tab_new like tab_old (使用旧表创建新表)
B：create table tab_new as select col1,col2… from tab_old definition only创建序列create sequence SIMON_SEQUENCE
minvalue 1 -- 最小值
maxvalue 999999999999999999999999999 最大值
start with 1 开始值
increment by 1 每次加几
cache 20;删除新表drop table tabname增加一个列Alter table tabname add column col type
注：列增加后将不能删除。DB2中列加上后数据类型也不能改变，唯一能改变的是增加varchar类型的长度。添加主键Alter table tabname add primary key(col)
说明：删除主键： Alter table tabname drop primary key(col)创建索引create [unique] index idxname on tabname(col….)
删除索引：drop index idxname on tabname
注：索引是不可更改的，想更改必须删除重新建。创建视图create view viewname as select statement
删除视图：drop view viewname几个简单的基本的sql语句选择：select * from table1 where 范围
插入：insert into table1(field1,field2) values(value1,value2)
删除：delete from table1 where 范围
更新：update table1 set field1=value1 where 范围
查找：select * from table1 where field1 like ’%value1%’ （所有包含‘value1’这个模式的字符串）---like的语法很精妙，查资料!
排序：select * from table1 order by field1,field2 [desc]
总数：select count(*) as totalcount from table1
求和：select sum(field1) as sumvalue from table1
平均：select avg(field1) as avgvalue from table1
最大：select max(field1) as maxvalue from table1
最小：select min(field1) as minvalue from table1[separator]几个高级查询运算词A： UNION 运算符
UNION 运算符通过组合其他两个结果表（例如 TABLE1 和 TABLE2）并消去表中任何重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 UNION 一起使用时（即 UNION ALL），不消除重复行。两种情况下，派生表的每一行不是来自 TABLE1 就是来自 TABLE2。
B： EXCEPT 运算符
EXCEPT 运算符通过包括所有在 TABLE1 中但不在 TABLE2 中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 EXCEPT 一起使用时 (EXCEPT ALL)，不消除重复行。
C： INTERSECT 运算符
INTERSECT 运算符通过只包括 TABLE1 和 TABLE2 中都有的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 INTERSECT 一起使用时 (INTERSECT ALL)，不消除重复行。
注：使用运算词的几个查询结果行必须是一致的。使用外连接A、left outer join：
左外连接（左连接）：结果集既包括连接表的匹配行，也包括左连接表的所有行。
SQL: select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c
B：right outer join:
右外连接(右连接)：结果集既包括连接表的匹配连接行，也包括右连接表的所有行。
C：full outer join：
全外连接：不仅包括符号连接表的匹配行，还包括两个连接表中的所有记录。
提升复制表(只复制结构,源表名：a 新表名：b) (Access可用)
法一：select * into b from a where 1<>1
法二：select top 0 * into b from a拷贝表(拷贝数据,源表名：a 目标表名：b) (Access可用)
insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b;跨数据库之间表的拷贝(具体数据使用绝对路径) (Access可用)
insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b in ‘具体数据库’ where 条件
例子：..from b in '"&Server.MapPath("."&"data.mdb" &"' where..子查询(表名1：a 表名2：b)
select a,b,c from a where a IN (select d from b 或者: select a,b,c from a where a IN (1,2,3)显示文章、提交人和最后回复时间select a.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b外连接查询(表名1：a 表名2：b)
select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c在线视图查询(表名1：a
select * from (Select a,b,c FROM a) T where t.a > 1;between的用法between限制查询数据范围时包括了边界值,not between不包括
select * from table1 where time between time1 and time2
select a,b,c, from table1 where a not between 数值1 and 数值2in 的使用方法select * from table1 where a [not] in (‘值1’,’值2’,’值4’,’值6’)删除主表中已经在副表中没有的信息两张关联表delete from table1 where not exists ( select * from table2 where table1.field1=table2.field1四表联查问题select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where .....日程安排提前五分钟提醒SQL: select * from 日程安排 where datediff('minute',f开始时间,getdate())>5一条sql 语句搞定数据库分页select top 10 b.* from (select top 20 主键字段,排序字段 from 表名 order by 排序字段 desc) a,表名 b where b.主键字段 = a.主键字段 order by a.排序字段前10条记录select top 10 * form table1 where 范围选择排名选择在每一组b值相同的数据中对应的a最大的记录的所有信息(类似这样的用法可以用于论坛每月排行榜,每月热销产品分析,按科目成绩排名,等等.)
select a,b,c from tablename ta where a=(select max(a) from tablename tb where tb.b=ta.b)派生结果表包括所有在 TableA 中但不在 TableB和TableC 中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表
(select a from tableA except (select a from tableB) except (select a from tableC)随机取出10条数据select top 10 * from tablename order by newid()随机选择记录select newid()删除重复记录Delete from tablename where id not in (select max(id) from tablename group by col1,col2,...)列出数据库里所有的表名select name from sysobjects where type='U'列出表里的所有的select name from syscolumns where id=object_id('TableName')列示排列列示type、vender、pcs字段，以type字段排列，case可以方便地实现多重选择，类似select 中的case。
select type,sum(case vender when 'A' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'C' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'B' then pcs else 0 end) FROM tablename group by type
显示结果：
type vender pcs
电脑 A 1
电脑 A 1
光盘 B 2
光盘 A 2
手机 B 3
手机 C 3初始化表table1TRUNCATE TABLE table1选择从10到15的记录select top 5 * from (select top 15 * from table order by id asc) table_别名 order by id desc数据类型转换declare @numid int
declare @id varchar(50)
set @numid=2005
set @id=convert(varchar,@numid)
通过上述语句完成数据类型Int转换成varchar，其他转换类似，可参看convert函数
技巧1=1，1=2的使用在SQL语句组合时用的较多
“where 1=1” 是表示选择全部 “where 1=2”全部不选，
如：
if @strWhere !='
begin
set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + '] where ' + @strWhere
end
else
begin
set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + ']'
end
我们可以直接写成
set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + '] where 1=1 and '+ @strWhere收缩数据库--重建索引
DBCC REINDEX
DBCC INDEXDEFRAG
--收缩数据和日志
DBCC SHRINKDB
DBCC SHRINKFILE压缩数据库dbcc shrinkdatabase(dbname)
转移数据库给新用户以已存在用户权限
exec sp_change_users_login 'update_one','newname','oldname'
go检查备份集RESTORE VERIFYONLY from disk='E:dvbbs.bak'修复数据库Alter DATABASE [dvbbs] SET SINGLE_USER
GO
DBCC CHECKDB('dvbbs',repair_allow_data_loss) WITH TABLOCK
GO
Alter DATABASE [dvbbs] SET MULTI_USER
GO日志清除SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @LogicalFileName sysname,
@MaxMinutes INT,
@NewSize INT
USE tablename -- 要操作的数据库名
Select @LogicalFileName = 'tablename_log', -- 日志文件名
@MaxMinutes = 10, -- Limit on time allowed to wrap log.
@NewSize = 1 -- 你想设定的日志文件的大小(M)
-- Setup / initialize
DECLARE @OriginalSize int
Select @OriginalSize = size
FROM sysfiles
Where name = @LogicalFileName
Select 'Original Size of ' + db_name() + ' LOG is ' +
CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),@OriginalSize) + ' 8K pages or ' +
CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(@OriginalSize*8/1024)) + 'MB'
FROM sysfiles
Where name = @LogicalFileName
Create TABLE DummyTrans
(DummyColumn char (8000) not null)
DECLARE @Counter INT,
@StartTime DATETIME,
@TruncLog VARCHAR(255)
Select @StartTime = GETDATE(),
@TruncLog = 'BACKUP LOG ' + db_name() + ' WITH TRUNCATE_ONLY'
DBCC SHRINKFILE (@LogicalFileName, @NewSize)
EXEC (@TruncLog)
-- Wrap the log if necessary.
WHILE @MaxMinutes > DATEDIFF (mi, @StartTime, GETDATE()) -- time has not expired
AND @OriginalSize = (Select size FROM sysfiles Where name = @LogicalFileName)
AND (@OriginalSize * 8 /1024) > @NewSize
BEGIN -- Outer loop.
Select @Counter = 0
WHILE ((@Counter < @OriginalSize / 16) AND (@Counter < 50000))
BEGIN -- update
Insert DummyTrans VALUES ('Fill Log')
Delete DummyTrans
Select @Counter = @Counter + 1
END
EXEC (@TruncLog)
END
Select 'Final Size of ' + db_name() + ' LOG is ' +
CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),size) + ' 8K pages or ' +
CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(size*8/1024)) + 'MB'
FROM sysfiles
Where name = @LogicalFileName
Drop TABLE DummyTrans
SET NOCOUNT OFF更改某个表exec sp_changeobjectowner 'tablename','dbo'存储更改全部表Create PROCEDURE dbo.User_ChangeObjectOwnerBatch
@OldOwner as NVARCHAR(128),
@NewOwner as NVARCHAR(128)
AS
DECLARE @Name as NVARCHAR(128)
DECLARE @Owner as NVARCHAR(128)
DECLARE @OwnerName as NVARCHAR(128)
DECLARE curObject CURSOR FOR
select 'Name' = name,
'Owner' = user_name(uid)
from sysobjects
where user_name(uid)=@OldOwner
order by name
OPEN curObject
FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner
WHILE(@@FETCH_STATUS=0)
BEGIN
if @Owner=@OldOwner
begin
set @OwnerName = @OldOwner + '.' + rtrim(@Name)
exec sp_changeobjectowner @OwnerName, @NewOwner
end
-- select @name,@NewOwner,@OldOwner
FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner
END
close curObject
deallocate curObject
GOSQL SERVER中直接循环写入数据declare @i int
set @i=1
while @i<30
begin
insert into test (userid) values(@i)
set @i=@i+1
end