闭锁综合症

闭锁综合征是指患者虽然意识清楚，但却不能说话，不能活动的一种特殊表现。因患者不说不动，貌似昏迷，所以又叫假性昏迷。这种综合征多因桥脑基底部血栓所致。

由于桥脑基底部受损，双侧皮质延髓束与皮质脊髓束均被阻断，外展神经核以下的运动性传出功能丧失，但动眼神经与滑车神经功能保留，桥脑被盖网状结构一般不侵及，所以，临床上病人常有以下表现：①意识清楚，能听懂别人讲话，明白问话，可用睁、闭眼或眼球活动示意回答。②四肢全瘫，双侧病理反射阳性。③对疼痛刺激及声音能感知，听力正常，偶有偏身感觉障碍，刺激肢体可出现去脑强直。④预后差，多在数小时或数日内死亡，能存活数日者少见。

Locked-in syndromeis a condition in which a patient is awareand awake, but cannot move or communicate due to complete paralysis ofnearly all voluntary muscles in the body. It is the result of a brain stem lesion in which the ventral part of the pons is damaged. The condition has been described as "the closest thing to being buried alive". In French, the common term is "maladie de l'emmuré vivant", literally translated aswalled-in alive disease; in German it is sometimes called "Eingeschlossensein".

Locked-in syndrome is also known ascerebromedullospinal disconnection,de-efferented state,pseudocoma, andventral pontine syndrome.

The term for this disorder was coined by Plum and Posner in 1966

CausesUnlike persistent vegetative state,in which the upper portions of the brain are damaged and the lowerportions are spared, locked-in syndrome is caused by damage to specificportions of the lower brain and brainstem with no damage to the upperbrain.

Possible causes of locked-in syndrome include:

Traumatic brain injuryDiseases of the circulatory systemMedication overdoseDamage to nerve cells, particularly destruction of the myelin sheath, caused by disease (e.g. central pontine myelinolysis secondary to rapid correction of hyponatremia).A stroke or brain hemorrhageAll rights reserved by Wikipedia.